飞机尾流控制的SPIV实验研究

利用简化的飞机模型,通过改变尾翼的迎角及展弦比,试图建立一种能加速自我消亡的尾流涡系统。该实验在拖曳水槽中进行,运用SPIV（体视粒子图像测速技术）系统进行测量,获得了一系列空间切面的2D／3C（二维／三分量）数据,给出了三种不同尾翼情况（两种有尾翼情况及一种无尾翼情况）下的SPIV观测结果,并将这几种情况作了对比。     

Training astronauts using three-dimensional visualisations of the International Space Station

Recent advances in personal computer technology have led to the development of relatively low-cost software to generate high-resolution three-dimensional images. The capability both to rotate and zoom in on these images superposed on appropriate background images enables high-quality movies to be created. These developments have been used to produce realistic simulations of the International Space Station on CD-ROM. This product is described and its potentialities demonstrated. With successive launches, the ISS is gradually built up, and visualised over a rotating Earth against the star background. It is anticipated that this product's capability will be useful when training astronauts to carry out EVAs around the ISS. Simulations inside the ISS are also very realistic. These should prove invaluable when familiarising the ISS crew with their future workplace and home. Operating procedures can be taught and perfected. "What if" scenario models can be explored and this facility should be useful when training the crew to deal with emergency situations which might arise. This CD-ROM product will also be used to make the general public more aware of, and hence enthusiastic about, the International Space Station programme.     

Mars exploration program analysis group goal one: determine if life ever arose on Mars

The Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) maintains a standing document that articulates scientific community goals, objectives, and priorities for mission-enabled Mars science. Each of the goals articulated within the document is periodically revisited and updated. The astrobiology-related Goal One, "Determine if life ever arose on Mars," has recently undergone such revision. The finalized revision, which appears in the version of the MEPAG Goals Document posted on September 24, 2010, is presented here.     

Establishment of a rearing system of the extremotolerant tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus: a new model animal for astrobiology

Studies on the ability of multicellular organisms to tolerate specific environmental extremes are relatively rare compared to those of unicellular microorganisms in extreme environments. Tardigrades are extremotolerant animals that can enter an ametabolic dry state called anhydrobiosis and have high tolerance to a variety of extreme environmental conditions, particularly while in anhydrobiosis. Although tardigrades have been expected to be a potential model animal for astrobiological studies due to their excellent anhydrobiotic and extremotolerant abilities, few studies of tolerance with cultured tardigrades have been reported, possibly due to the absence of a model species that can be easily maintained under rearing conditions. We report the successful rearing of the herbivorous tardigrade, Ramazzottius varieornatus, by supplying the green alga Chlorella vulgaris as food. The life span was 35 +/- 16.4 d, deposited eggs required 5.7 +/- 1.1 d to hatch, and animals began to deposit eggs 9 d after hatching. The reared individuals of this species had an anhydrobiotic capacity throughout their life cycle in egg, juvenile, and adult stages. Furthermore, the reared adults in an anhydrobiotic state were tolerant of temperatures of 90 degrees C and -196 degrees C, and exposure to 99.8% acetonitrile or irradiation with 4000 Gy (4)He ions. Based on their life history traits and tolerance to extreme stresses, R. varieornatus may be a suitable model for astrobiological studies of multicellular organisms.     

单一物质的热力学性能近似计算(英文)

本文介绍针对固定温度点的热力学函数 (如焓、熵、比热 )综合近似计算法。该方法已成功地用来近似计算温度范围为 10 0～ 2 0 0 0 0 K的 150 0个热力学函数表。用内含近似计算程序包的 TD软件系统对混合物参数进行热力计算的结果证明,该多项式在求解多组元系统计算中迭代问题时具有很高的可靠性。      

CROCODILE: an automated apparatus for organic crystal growth from solution

CROCODILE (CROissance de Cristaux Organiques par DIffusion Liquide dans l'Espace) is a space instrument dedicated to crystal growth from solution. The selected material N (4 nitrophenyl) (L) prolinol (NPP) is the result of studies on organic crystal in the frame of an extended program initiated by CNES for many years. The apparatus was flown aboard PHOTON, an automatic satellite, in April 1990, for a flight duration of more than 15 days. This paper describes the instrument design, with emphasis on specific and original technology well adapted to crystal growth from solution, and extendable to any space experiment on fluids. Preliminary details of the flight campaign will also be discussed.     

~(201)Hg~+离子贮存式频率标准

本文讨论利用在潘宁离子收集器中贮存~201Hg~+离子实现微波频率(和时间)标准以及光频标性能的潜力与存在的问题。有许多讨论一般都适用于离子贮存式频标。激光致冷、光抽运、以及微波或光时钟跃迁的光检测,可利用在194.2nm6P~2P_(1/2)←6~2S_(1/2)跃迁的窄带幅射,而有选择地将基态超精细能级与适当的微波幅射加以混频来完成。特别适用于采用潘宁(冷阴极)离子收集器的一阶独立场微波时钟跃迁是在1.534T 磁场的25.9GHz(F,M_F)=(2,1)←→(1,1)超精细跃迁。在563nm(毫微米)的双量子无多普勒5d~96S~(22)D_(5/2)←→5d~(10)6S~2S_(1/2)迁可能是光频标所要选用的。两种频标的绝对准确度具有达到好于1×10~(-15)而频率稳定度低于10~(-16)的潜力。     

A two-stage approach for managing actuators redundancy and its application to fault tolerant flight control

In safety-critical systems such as transportation aircraft, redundancy of actuators is introduced to improve fault tolerance. How to make the best use of remaining actuators to allow the system to continue achieving a desired operation in the presence of some actuators failures is the main subject of this paper. Considering that many dynamical systems, including flight dynamics of a transportation aircraft, can be expressed as an input affine nonlinear system, a new state representation is adopted here where the output dynamics are related with virtual inputs associated with the intended operation. This representation, as well as the distribution matrix associated with the effectiveness of the remaining operational actuators, allows us to define different levels of fault tolerant governability with respect to actuators’ failures. Then, a two-stage control approach is developed, leading first to the inversion of the output dynamics to get nominal values for the virtual inputs and then to the solution of a linear quadratic(LQ) problem to compute the solicitation of each operational actuator. The proposed approach is applied to the control of a transportation aircraft which performs a stabilized roll maneuver while a partial failure appears. Two fault scenarios are considered and the resulting performance of the proposed approach is displayed and discussed.     

欧洲两家公司业务发展动态

l Finmeccanica集团收益、销售创新高，准备接管Selex公司Finmeccanica集团期望能在2007年中期完全控管Selex传感器与机载系统公司，使该集团能够进行计划已久的国防电子设备业务的重组和综合工作，并为开展更多的巩固工作搭建舞台。根据与BAE系统公司签订的协议，2005年Finmeccanica集团获得Selex公司75％的股份。